casual inference by Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray

Last Updated: April 29, 2026
Keep it casual with the Casual Inference podcast. Your hosts Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray talk all things epidemiology, statistics, data science, causal inference, and public health. Sponsored by the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Optimizing Data Workflows with Emily Riederer | Season 6 Episode 8
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Emily Riederer is a Data Science Senior Manager at Credit Risk Modeling Capital One. Her website can be found here: https://www.emilyriederer.com/
Combining Data & Making Effects Generalizable with Carly Brantner | Season 6 Episode 7
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Carly Brantner is an assistant professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics at Duke University and Duke Clinical Research Institute.

The Art of Clarity with Andrew Heiss | Season 6 Episode 6
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Andrew Heiss is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Management and Policy at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University.
Study Critique: What Went Wrong and How We'd Do It Differently | Season 6 Episode 5
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In this episode Lucy and Ellie dig into a recently publicized paper, "Vaccination and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Study of Nine-Year-Old Children Enrolled in Medicaid", which has gained attention after being promoted by RFK Jr. as evidence that vaccines cause autism.   

From Model to Meaning with Vincent Arel-Bundock | Season 6 Episode 4
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Vincent Arel-Bundock is a professor at the Université de Montréal, where he studies comparative and international political economy.
Propensity Scores, R Packages, and Practical Advice with Noah Greifer | Season 6 Episode 3
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Noah Greifer is a statistical consultant and programmer at Harvard University.

Causal Assumptions and Large Language Models | Season 6 Episode 2
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Lucy and Ellie chat about large language models, chat interfaces, and causal inference.

Data Integration for Impact with Len Testa | Season 6 Episode 1
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Lucy chats with Len Testa about a recent analysis he did which combined over 150 publicly available data sources to answer a question about the affordability of Disney World.

Starting the Conversation on Models with Alyssa Bilinski | Season 5 Episode 11
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Alyssa Bilinski, Peterson Family Assistant Professor of Health Policy, and Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, at Brown University School of Public Health. Her research focuses on developing novel methods for policy evaluation and applying these to identify interventions that most efficiently improve population health and well-being.

Flexible methods with Edward Kennedy | Season 5 Episode 10
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Edward Kennedy Associate Professor, Department of Statistics & Data Science, Carnegie Mellon.

What Sports and Feminism can tell us about Causal Inference with Sheree Bekker & Stephen Mumford | Season 5 Episode 9
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Sheree Bekker & Stephen Mumford are Co-directors of the Feminist Sport Lab and have a book coming soon: “Open Play: the case for feminist sport”, coming Spring 2025. Reaktion Books (UK), University of Chicago Press (US).

Observational Causal Analyses with Erick Scott | Season 5 Episode 8
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Erick Scott is founder of cStructure, a causal science startup. Erick has expertise in medicine, public health, and computational biology.

Friends Let Friends Do Mediation Analysis with Nima Hejazi | Season 5 Episode 7
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Nima Hejazi is an assistant professor in biostatistics at Harvard University. His methodological work often draws upon tools and ideas from semi- and non-parametric inference, high-dimensional and large-scale inference, targeted or debiased machine learning (e.g., targeted minimum loss estimation, method of sieves), and computational statistics.

Fun and Game(s) Theory with Aaditya Ramdas | Season 5 Episode 6
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Aaditya Ramdas is an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University, in the Departments of Statistics and Machine Learning. His research interests include game-theoretic statistics and sequential anytime-valid inference, multiple testing and post-selection inference, and uncertainty quantification for machine learning (conformal prediction, calibration). His applied areas of interest include neuroscience, genetics and auditing (real-estate, finance, elections). Aaditya received the IMS Peter Gavin Hall Early Career Prize, the COPSS Emerging Leader Award, the Bernoulli New Researcher Award, the NSF CAREER Award, the Sloan fellowship in Mathematics, and faculty research awards from Adobe and Google. He also spends 20% of his time at Amazon working on causality and sequential experimentation.

Cookies, Causal Inference, and Careers with Ingrid Giesinger #Epicookiechallenge | Season 5 Episode 5
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Ingrid is a doctoral student in Epidemiology at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. 

Analyzing the Analysts: Reproducibility with Nick Huntington-Klein | Season 5 Episode 4
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Nick Huntington-Klein is an Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Albers School of Business and Economics, Seattle University. His research focus is econometrics, causal inference, and higher education policy. He’s also the author of an introductory causal inference textbook called The Effect and the creator of a number of Stata packages for implementing causal effect estimation procedures.

Immortal Time Bias | Season 5 Episode 3
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The Clone-Censor-Weight Method in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research: Foundations and Methodological Implementation: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40471-024-00346-2 

Targeted Learning with Mar van der Laan | Season 5 Episode 2
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Mark van der Laan is a professor of statistics at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on developing statistical methods to estimate causal and non-causal parameters of interest, based on potentially complex and high dimensional data from randomized clinical trials or observational longitudinal studies, or from cross-sectional studies. 

Pros and Cons of Randomized Controlled Trials | Season 5 Episode 1
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Ellie and Lucy kick off the season and introduce our new executive buzzer, Melita! Melita is a masters student in statistics at Wake Forest University and will be helping out with the podcast (and keeping Lucy and Ellie from using too much jargon!)

Remembering Ralph B. D'Agostino, Sr.
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D’Agostino McGowan chat with Ralph D’Agostino Sr. and Ralph D’Agostino Jr. about their careers in statistics, looking back at how things have developed and forward at where they see the world of statistics and epidemiology going. 

Evidence Science with Cat Hicks | Season 4 Episode 11
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Ellie and Lucy chat with Dr. Cat Hicks, VP of Research Insights and Director of Developer Success Lab at Pluralsight Flow, about evidence science. 

M-Bias: Much Ado About Nothing? | Season 4 Episode 10
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about a "Causal Quartet" and spend some extra time on M-Bias!

Thinking about Targeted Learning | Season 4 Episode 9
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about ENAR 2023 and Targeted Learning!

Prevention Strategies via the #Epicookiechallenge | Season 4 Episode 8
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with #EpiCookieChallenge winner, Viktoria Gastens!

Sensitivity Analyses for Unmeasured Confounders | Season 4 Episode 7
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about confounding!

Randomized Controlled Trials: Efficacy versus Effectiveness, Safety vs Safetiness | Season 4 Episode 6
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about randomized controlled trials, thinking about efficacy vs effectiveness and saftey vs safetiness.

The Value of Instrumental Variables with Maria Glymour | Season 4 Episode 5
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Maria Glymour, Professor of Epidemiology & Biostatstics at UCSF and incoming chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Boston University. Maria successfully convinces Ellie and Lucy that instrumental variables can be very useful in epidemiology. 

Methods chat about personalized medicine and positivity in causal inference | Season 4 Episode 4
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about critiquing methods research, average treatment effects, and positivity violations!

Hot takes and logistic regression love with Travis Gerke | Season 4 Episode 3
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Travis Gerke, Director of Data Science at The Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC). This episode has lots of hot takes and lots of love for logistic regression!

Counterfactual Thinking: Biomarkers, Napster, and Ice-T | Season 4 Episode 2
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Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about counterfactuals!

Population and Biomedical Data Science with Enrique Schisterman | Season 4 Episode 1
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In this episode Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Enrique Schisterman, Perelman Professor and Chair of the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics at the University of Pennsylvania, about the future of epidemiology.

What is the value of a p-value with Charlie Poole and Chuck Scales | Season 3 Episode 13
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In this episode we play the audio from a recent panel discussion co-sponsored by UNC TraCS, Duke University and Wake Forest U CTSA Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design (BERD) Cores. The panelists were Charles Poole (Associate Professor of Epidemiology, UNC) Lucy D'Agostino McGowan, and Charles Scales (Associate Professor of Surgery, Duke University) and it was facilitated by Marcella Boynton (Assistant Professor, General Internal Medicine, UNC/NC TraCS).

It Depends with Sander Greenland | Season 3 Episode 12
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Sander Greenland, Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology and Statistics at UCLA.

The Intersection of Industrial Engineering and Causal Inference with Toyya Pujol | Season 3 Episode 11
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Toyya Pujol, Operations Researcher at RAND Corporation.

The Intersection of Machine Learning and Causal Inference with Maggie Makar | Season 3 Episode 10
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Maggie Makar, Presidential postdoctoral fellow and assistant professor in Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan.

Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Medicine, and Causal Bounds with Judea Pearl | Season 3 Episode 9
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Judea Pearl, Chancellor professor of computer science and statistics at the University of California, Los Angeles.

The history of John Snow, Cholera, and Cookies with Chris Schaich | Season 3 Episode 8
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with #EpiCookieChallenge winner, Chris Schaich about the epidemiologist John Snow. Dr. Schaich is an assistant professor at Wake Forest School of Medicine in the Hypertension and Vascular Research Center.

Asking questions that matter, getting answers that help | Season 3 Episode 7
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A Casual Look at Causal Inference History | Season 3 Episode 6
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat about the history of causal inference, tracing the origins across disciplines from statistics to economics, epidemiology, and computer science, discussing contributions from Rubin, Robins, Pearl, and more!

Hanging out in the data science trough of disillusionment with Hilary Parker | Season 3 Episode 5
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Hilary Parker about design thinking for data analysis, the Dunning-Kruger effect, and the potential data behind baby Yoda.

Metascience with Noah Haber | Season 3 Episode 4
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Noah Haber about metascience, causal language in the literature, and more!

Solving Optimization Problems in Healthcare and Disney Theme Parks with Len Testa | Season 3 Episode 3
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Len Testa, president of TouringPlans, about solving optimization problems in travel and healthcare.

Causal Inference and Network Science for Public Health with Ashley Buchanan | Season 3 Episode 2
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In this episode Lucy D'Agostino McGowan and Ellie Murray chat with Ashley Buchanan about causal inference with a focus on networks. Dr. Buchanan is an assistant professor of Biostatistics in the Department of Pharmacy Practice at the University of Rhode Island.

Coronavirus Rapid Tests Sensitivity, Specificity, Messaging, and Use Cases | Season 3 Episode 1
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In this episode Ellie Murray and Lucy D’Agostino McGowan do a series recap and then discuss sensitivity, specificity, and appropriate messaging in the context of coronavirus rapid tests.

Our Michael Jordan Episode | Season 2 Episode 5
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In this 23rd episode of Casual Inference Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat about fixed vs random effect, complete a statistics challenge, and talk about DAGs.

Health Policy with Julia Raifman | Season 2 Episode 4
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In this episode Ellie Murray and Lucy D’Agostino McGowan chat with Julia Raifman about health policy, a recent study on unemployment insurance and food insecurity, and anti racism in academia. Dr. Raifman is an assistant professor of Health Law, Policy, and Management at Boston University. Her research focuses on how health and social policies drive population health and health disparities.

Celebrating 100 years with a look forwards and back with the D'Agostinos | Season 2 Episode 3
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In this episode Ellie Murray and Lucy D’Agostino McGowan chat with Ralph D’Agostino Sr. and Ralph D’Agostino Jr. about their careers in statistics, looking back at how things have developed and forward at where they see the world of statistics and epidemiology going. We’re excited to kick off the 100th year of the American Journal of Epidemiology with this episode.

The Most Ambitious Crossover | Season 2 Episode 2
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In honor of the Society for Epidemiologic Research 2020 Meeting, the hosts of four epidemiology podcasts came together to record the first ever “crossover event” to talk about their experiences recording our shows and what podcasting can bring to the table for the field of epidemiology. Join the hosts of Epidemiology Counts (Bryan James), SERiousEPi (Matt Fox, Hailey Banack), Casual Inference (Lucy D’Agostino McGowan), and Shiny Epi People (Lisa Bodnar) as they engage in a fun and informative (we hope!) conversation of the burgeoning field of epidemiology podcasting, emceed by Geetika Kalloo.

Happy Anniversary to Us! | Season 2 Episode 1
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat about ecological studies, the new Pfizer vaccine interim analysis, and more!

Why Everyone is Excited About Causal Inference These Days with Roger Peng | Episode 18
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat about communicating uncertainty, how air pollution policy is determined, and whether causal inference is a fad with Dr. Roger Peng from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Thinking About Schools Reopening From a Causal Perspective with Emily Oster | Episode 17
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan talk about the causal questions linked to schools opening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then they have Dr. Emily Oster, professor of economics at Brown University, on to discuss her thoughts on and contributions to this area.

An Ode to Generalized Linear Models | Episode 16
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan casually discuss linear versus logistic regression, prediction versus inference, generalized linear models, and more!

Methodological Advances in Causal Inference with Betsy Ogburn | Episode 15
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan discuss methodological advancement in causal inference with Dr. Elizabeth Ogburn from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Casual Inference Live from SER | Episode 14
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan are live for Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) week!

Community Engagement, Health Disparities, and Measure Development with Melody Goodman | Episode 13
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan discuss community engagement, health disparities, and measure development with Dr. Melody Goodman from New York University Global School of Public Health.

COVID-19, Masks, and Designing Observational Studies | Episode 12
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat about coronavirus, the evidence we have about masks, and designing observational studies.

Getting Bayesian with Frank Harrell | Episode 11
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan discuss Bayesian statistics, model validation, and more, with special guest Dr. Frank Harrell from the Department of Biostatistics at Vanderbilt University.

Coronavirus Conversations 2 | Episode 10
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan discuss coronavirus a bit more, focusing on mask wearing, data quality, disease modeling, and more!

Coronavirus Conversations | Episode 09
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan discuss coronavirus with an added segment discussing current recommendations for people taking ACE inhibitors or ARBS with Andrew South from Wake Forest School of Medicine.

Causal inference for data science with Sean Taylor | Episode 08
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Sean Taylor from Lyft.

Asking harder causal questions with Whitney Robinson | Episode 07
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Whitney Robinson from the Departments of Epidemiology at University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health

Internal and External Validity with Elizabeth Stuart | Episode 06
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Elizabeth Stuart from the Departments of Mental Health, Biostatistics, and Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 

Science Communication with Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz | Episode 05
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, an epidemiologist studying at the University of Wollongong and a science communication writer for the Guardian, Observer, and more!

Quantitative Bias Analysis with Matt Fox | Episode 04
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Matt Fox from the Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health at Boston University.

Fairness in Machine Learning with Sherri Rose | Episode 03
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Sherri Rose from the Department of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School.

Socializing about Social Epidemiology with Onyebuchi Arah | Episode 02
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan chat with Onyebuchi Arah from the Department of Epidemiology and UCLA Fielding School of Public Health about Social Epidemiology.

Talking Target Trials with Miguel Hernan | Episode 01
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan try to keep it casual in the first episode of the new Casual Inference podcast. Episode 1 features special guest Miguel Hernan from Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Listen to learn how to improve your observational data analysis!

Keeping it casual: the pilot | Episode 00
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Ellie Murray and Lucy D'Agostino McGowan try to keep it casual in this quick teaser to introduce you to the types of things the Casual Inference podcast will include. 

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