10 minutes of gemera with rabbi avigdor: miller meseches beitzah by JewishPodcasts.org

Question: Does a single k’zayis suffice for everyone, or is a k’zayis necessary for each individual?

Rav Yosef: If a gentile broiled these fishes, they can be relied upon for Eiruv Tavshilin. But if the gentile cooked them as kosi d’harsena, it is forbidden due to bishul Akum [because the flour was not fit to eat previously].

Some Say: Abayye: Only a cooked item may be used as Eiruv Tavshilin, but not bread.

Question: How is this accomplished?

We learned in a Beraisa also thus: Beis Shammai: From Sunday, worry about Shabbos. Beis Hillel: “Hashem is Blessed every day”.

Another explanation: Adar - as people say: ‘it lasts for generations [dor]’.

Challenge: Why would Rabbi Eliezer refer to feasting on Yom Tov as forsaking everlasting life for pleasures of this world? Feasting on Yom Tov is a mitzvah.

The Tanna [of the beraisa] brings it from here, Beraisa: “Whatever you have to bake, bake [before Shabbos], whatever you have to cook, cook [before Shabbos].” From this verse [it is superfluous, since one may not cook or bake on Shabbos, obviously everything must be prepared before Shabbos] Rabbi Eliezer derived that one may only cook [relying] on a cooked item, and bake [relying] on a baked item. Based on this, the Chachomim instituted Eiruv Tavshilin.

Mishnah:

If he’s sitting in the Beis Medrash [which was outside of the town], and Shabbos began to come in: he should cover his Tefillin with his hand until he gets home.

Question: Response: Because of an incident that once happened [070].

Resolution: Only hard shaatnez [which cannot be used as a garment] is permitted to be sent on Yom Tov. As Rav Huna brei d’Rav Yehoshua taught: Hard felt of Neresh may be used [as seats, even if they’re shaatnez].

Mishnah:

Beraisa: Rabbi Elazar b’Rebbi Tzaddok: Such was the practice of Rabban Gamliel’s household. They would bring a bucketful of lentils and pour water over it, the lentils would remain on bottom and the inedible parts would float to the top.

Question: Perhaps it was made in a small pounder [which is permissible in Bavel, 067]?

Rav Acha Bardela to his son: [to create a minor shinui].

Rabbi Elazar: The same applies to Shabbos.

Rabbi Elazar: The same applies to Shabbos [threshing is a Melacha, but if he peels only one at a time, it is not considered a Melacha].

[before it became obligated in Terumah separation], it becomes Tevel with regard to Terumas Maaser [the Levi is obligated to separate Terumah, although it is not yet at a stage which would ordinarily require Terumah].

Resolution: When the Mishnah said that Terumah is not separated on Yom Tov, it meant in general, but it’s true that in our case Terumah would be separated.

Resolution: It is actually permitted even on Yom Tov, but since the Beraisa begins with the law of grain rubbed before Shabbos, it continues with grain rubbed before Yom Tov.

Rav Yehuda quoting Shmuel: The halacha follows Rabbi Yosi.

Beis Shammai: One cannot bring challah and matnos kehunah to a kohen on Yom Tov whether it was separated before Yom Tov or on Yom Tov. Beis Hillel permit it.

Mishnah:

Rabbi Yochanan is also of the opinion that the debate hinges on the principle of ‘mitoch’*:

Our Mishnah runs counter to this Tanna: Beraisa (a): Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar: Beis Shammai and Beis Hillel agree that the shutters may be removed, they only argue about returning the shutters. Beis Shammai forbids it, while Beis Hillel permit it. Additionally, Beis Shammai only forbid it when the shutters have hinges, but when there are no hinges, everyone agrees it’s permitted [to return the shutter].

Rechava quoting Rabbi Yehuda: Another one should be added: 4. One who opens his keg or begins a dough on the Regel for the purpose of Yom Tov. This is in accordance with Rabbi Yehuda (053) who said “he may finish”.

Question: What kind of shutters are we talking about?

Beraisa: The fats [of an animal slaughtered on Yom Tov] may not be salted [for preservation], nor can they be turned over for aeration. They said over from Rabbi Yehoshua: They may be spread on sticks.

Gemara:

Beis Shammai: One cannot move the pounding board [upon which grain was pounded to remove the husks] to chop meat on it* [the pounding board is muktzeh since pounding grain is prohibited on Yom Tov (see Tosfos 005, 040)]. Beis Hillel: It is permitted [because of Simchas Yom Tov].

Explanantion: What do you want? [It’s ossur any way you look at it]. If these are new birds, they were never designated. If two of them are the original birds, but there is another mixed in with them*!

Mishna:

We learned in the Mishna (040) that according to Beis Hillel, one must designate birds he would like to slaughter on Yom Tov, before Yom Tov. It was suggested that this is because Beis Hillel does not accept the principle of Bereirah - retroactive clarification - and so the exact birds must be selected before Yom Tov.

Introduction to next subject: We’re discussing a case of Ohel Hameis, there is a room with multiple doorways and windows all of which are closed. Since we know that the meis will be carried out of one of them, we consider them to be part of the ohel and any keilim in the doorway, or on the windowsill is tamei [even though it is on the other side of the door/window], because we consider the door/window to be open. If one door is open, it is considered the exit path for the meis and all other do...

Beis Shammai: One may not take a bird on Yom Tov [to slaughter for the meal] unless he had hefted it from before Yom Tov [out of concern that when he picks it up he’ll find it too lean and will want to choose another one for his meal, he will then be guilty of having picked up a muktzeh bird without the excuse of needing it for simchas Yom Tov]. Beis Hillel: He can designate them before Yom Tov.

Mishna: Beis Shammai: A ladder cannot be moved from one dovecote to another But it can be moved from one window to another. Beis Hillel permits this.

Now comes easy Gemara…

Beraisa: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar: Beis Shammai and Beis Hillel agree that the ladder may be moved from dovecote to dovecote. The question is only whether the ladder may be put away afterwards. Beis Shammai: It may not be put away. Beis Hillel: It may even be put away.

Rav Chanan bar Ami: If the ladder is on private property, everyone agrees it’s permitted.

Abuha d’Shmuel: If he prepared a dough before Yom Tov, he may not separate Challah on Yom Tov [the permission to separate Challah is only granted if the dough is formed on Yom Tov and there was no other time to separate the Challah].

Rabbi Zeira learned a Beraisa: In addition to a koy, whose blood cannot be covered on Yom Tov, blood of a Beheimah and Chayah which were mixed together, can also not be covered up on Yom Tov.

Rabbah: Stove ashes are considered muchan only for needs that are certain, not for something that is only needed in case of a safek [such as for covering the blood of a koy].

Rav Yehuda: One can bring a basket full of dirt in, and use it for all his needs.

The ashes of a stove are not considered muktzeh and may be used for this purpose. Rabbah: The Mishna is adding that although no preparation has been made on these ashes, they are always considered muchan. Rav Yehuda quoting Rav: This is only if these ashes were formed before Yom Tov, but if it happened on Yom Tov, these ashes are considered Nolad. If, however, these ashes are still hot enough to broil an egg on them, they are permitted.

028: When earth was not prepared before Yom Tov, there are three questions involved: 1. Digging. The Melacha of choreish, plowing in a field, or the Melacha of boneh, building - when digging inside a home. 2. Clods of earth cannot be used for kisui hadam, it must be broken up. This involves the Melacha of tochein. 3. Earth is muktzeh. The question is, since eating meat on Yom Tov is a mitzvah, how far do we go to permit these prohibitions?

Rabbah: Beis Shamai permits slaughtering, even if no earth was prepared.

Question: The beginning of the Mishna “One who slaughters” indicates that they’re discussing a case of dieved: if someone went ahead and slaughtered, then Beis Shammai permits. But when Beis Hillel responds, they say “He may not slaughter” - lekatchilah - so we infer that Beis Shammai holds one may, in fact, slaughter lekatchilah.

Beis Shammai explains: If the shiur would be identical, why mention se’or at all? If chametz - whose leavening is not so strong - is a kezayis, surely se’or is a kezayis as well. Since the Torah specifies se’or, we understand that its shiur is different.

Rav Mari brei d’Rav Kahana said that chickens do not lay eggs at night, thus if an egg is found before daybreak Yom Tov morning after the coop had been examined the previous day and no eggs had been found, we consider this egg as having been laid before Yom Tov. Rabbi Yosi ben Shaul had quoted Rav as declaring these eggs forbidden, this is because he is discussing a case of ‘eggs from the ground’ which can be laid at night. Rav Mari is discussing a case where a male is present in which case the hen will n...

One who discovers finished eggs inside a chicken that he slaughtered, may eat them with milk. Rabbi Yaakov: If they were still connected to the ovary with tendons, it’s forbidden.

Another Explanation: When the majority of the egg comes out, it is considered to have been laid - like Rabbi Yochanan said.

But this was rejected because it was taught in a Beraisa that completed eggs found inside a slaughtered chicken may be eaten on Yom Tov.

Rav Kahana and Rav Asi to Rav: Why is this chick different from a calf born to a treifah [whose mother is muktzeh] on Yom Tov?

Rav forbids it, because it is muktzeh.

Rabbah explained that from the time of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, the law of the egg changed and it would be permitted on the second day.

It was explained that this is because after the witnesses came late once, causing a confusion in the Shir, testimony was no longer accepted past Mincha. Thus if witnesses were to come late again, two days of Yom Tov would be kept while only the second day would be pronounced Yom Tov; thus lending a single extended Kedusha to both days. Rabbah then explained that from the time of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, when it was no longer necessary to pronounce the second day Yom Tov on the first day, since he allowed accepting testimony all day following the...

It was explained that this is because after the witnesses came late once, causing a confusion in the Shir, testimony was no longer accepted past Mincha. Thus if witnesses were to come late again, two days of Yom Tov would be kept while only the second day would be pronounced Yom Tov; thus lending a single extended Kedusha to both days. Rabbah then explained that from the time of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, when it was no longer necessary to pronounce the second day Yom Tov on the first day, since he allowed accepting testimony all day following the...

Rav Yosef: Something decided by a majority requires a majority decision to undo it. Rav Yosef: I learn this principle from the verse “Return to your tents”. [At the time of Matan Torah they were told to separate from their wives, but after Matan Torah they had to be told to return, otherwise they wouldn’t be allowed to since it is considered like a davar sheb’minyan].

We Learned: Two days of Rosh Hashanah: Rav and Shmuel agree that an egg laid on the first day is forbidden on the second day. This is based on the Mishna: At first testimony regarding Rosh Chodesh was accepted all day. Once, the witnesses came late and the levi’im sang the wrong Shir as a result. From then on they no longer accepted testimony after Mincha. If witnesses did come later, they would keep the remainder of the day holy, and pronounce the next day Rosh Hashanah as well. [So many times, two days were kept even though th...

Rabbi Zeira: Rav Asi’s opinion appeals to our logic. Because nowadays we know when Yom Tov really is but still keep two days [because we look at them as one long day].

Rav Masnah: If wood fell from a tree directly into an oven on Yom Tov, one can add prepared firewood and kindle a fire.

This is a debate among Tannaim: If it is laid on Shabbos, it can be eaten on Yom Tov [Sunday], or it was laid on Yom Tov [Friday], it may be eaten on Shabbos. Rabbi Eliezer: On the second day it is also a debate. Beis Shammai permits it, while Beis Hillel prohibit it.

Question: Does Rav hold that contiguous days carry one Kedusha? Rav said: The Halacha follows Four Zekeinim who ruled like Rabbi Eliezer that two contiguous days are considered separate Kedushas.

Question: If an egg laid on Yom Tov is a D’Rabbanan prohibition, we should be lenient?

Beraisa: An egg: A safek is forbidden and even if it is mixed in with a thousand others, it does not become battel.

Beraisa: An egg: A safek is forbidden and even if it is mixed in with a thousand others, it does not become battel.

Rav Nachman: The egg is muktzeh.

Mishna: One may not squeeze fruits for juice on Shabbos or Yom Tov, if juice flowed from grapes and olives without being squeezed, the juices are forbidden.

Mishna: An egg which is laid on Yom Tov: Beis Shammai: It may be eaten. Beis Hillel: It may not be eaten.

Mishna: An egg which is laid on Yom Tov: Beis Shammai: It may be eaten. Beis Hillel: It may not be eaten.

Rabbah: The egg forbidden by the Mishna is not muktzeh, there’s a problem with Hachana.

Mishna: An egg which is laid on Yom Tov: Beis Shammai: It may be eaten. Beis Hillel: It may not be eaten.

Mishna: An egg which is laid on Yom Tov: Beis Shammai: It may be eaten. Beis Hillel: It may not be eaten.

An egg which is laid on Yom Tov: Beis Shammai: It may be eaten. Beis Hillel: It may not be eaten.

Introduction: The first case in our Mishna discusses an egg laid on Yom Tov, which is muktzeh according to Beis Hillel. At first the Gemara attempts to explain the reason for this: since the hen is set aside for producing chickens, not to be used as food, its eggs are not food and are muktzeh. Later the Gemara rejects this understanding and explains that the Mishna is based on the Torah prohibition of Hachana. This means that Yom Tov food may not be prepared on Shabbos and Shabbos food may not be prepared on Yom Tov. An egg is...